ALVARO OFFICIAL BLOG

Refugee Determination

To be granted asylum in Canada as a refugee, a person must be outside his or her home country and have a well-founded fear of persecution. According to the Geneva Convention, the fear must not only be well-founded, the persecution must also be based on reasons of race, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion. However, a less restrictive interpretation of the feared persecution may also lead to refugee status. For example, Canada recognizes that women can be persecuted because of their gender and that the definition of a refugee should be interpreted to also include this form of persecution. A variety of circumstances can make a person a refugee. Some examples can be found here.

Children in the Refugee and Immigration System

“Canada lacks a clear policy framework to protect the best interests of children who are unaccompanied asylum seekers, in spite of recommendations for this from the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child in 2003 and in the 2007 Senate Report on children’s rights …Trafficking of children is a growing concern; it is important to consider differences between children and adults and include the BIC in the development of strategies to prevent trafficking, prosecute traffickers, and provide services to victims”.

Children have rights as human beings and also need special care and protection.

Convention on the Rights of the Child

UNICEF’s

mission is to advocate for the protection of children’s rights, to help meet their basic needs and to expand their opportunities to reach their full potential. UNICEF is guided in doing this by the provisions and principles of the Convention on the Rights of the Child

Built on varied legal systems and cultural traditions, the Convention is a universally agreed set of non-negotiable standards and obligations. These basic standards—also called human rights—set minimum entitlements and freedoms that should be respected by governments. They are founded on respect for the dignity and worth of each individual, regardless of race, colour, gender, language, religion, opinions, origins, wealth, birth status or ability and therefore apply to every human being everywhere. With these rights comes the obligation on both governments and individuals not to infringe on the parallel rights of others. These standards are both interdependent and indivisible; we cannot ensure some rights without—or at the expense of—other rights.

A legally binding instrument

The Convention on the Rights of the Child is the first legally binding international instrument to incorporate the full range of human rights—civil, cultural, economic, political and social rights. In 1989, world leaders decided that children needed a special convention just for them because people under 18 years old often need special care and protection that adults do not. The leaders also wanted to make sure that the world recognized that children have human rights too.

The Convention sets out these rights in 54 articles and two Optional Protocols. It spells out the basic human rights that children everywhere have: the right to survival; to develop to the fullest; to protection from harmful influences, abuse and exploitation; and to participate fully in family, cultural and social life. The four core principles of the Convention are non-discrimination; devotion to the best interests of the child; the right to life, survival and development; and respect for the views of the child. Every right spelled out in the Convention is inherent to the human dignity and harmonious development of every child. The Convention protects children's rights by setting standards in health care; education; and legal, civil and social services

By agreeing to undertake the obligations of the Convention (by ratifying or acceding to it), national governments have committed themselves to protecting and ensuring children's rights and they have agreed to hold themselves accountable for this commitment before the international community. States parties to the Convention are obliged to develop and undertake all actions and policies in the light of the best interests of the child.

Although mental illnesses have similar symptoms across cultures, their manifestations and how people describe and interpret symptoms vary with ethnicity and culture. For instance, some ethno-cultural groups are more likely to present emotional problems as physical problems. Similarly, stigma within a culture varies according to the cultural and sociological backgrounds of the community. There is evidence that ethnic minorities experience mental illness stigma more harshly than majority groups.2 Due to family-shared shame, and different cultural perceptions of mental illness and its causes, many members of minority groups delay treatment. According to a national mental health survey, immigrants were less likely to use a health service for mental health reasons. http://www.ontario.cmha.ca/about_mental_health.asp?cID=23054

Immigrant & Refugee Mental Health

Statistics Canada reports that each year Canada accepts approximately 225,000 immigrants. Of these,about 20,000 are refugees. In 2001, the proportion of foreign-born Canadians was the highest in 70 years. The visible minority population has increased three-fold since 1981. There were more that 200 ethnic groups reported in Canada as of 2001. SCOPE OF THE ISSUE _________________________________________ • Factors which negatively influence adjustment include: a drop in socio-economic status following migration; inability to speak the language of the host country; separation from family; lack of friendly reception by the host population; lack of ethnocultural community to provide support; a traumatic experience prior to migration; and family, migrating during adolescence or after the age of 65. • Immigrants may have suffered natural and man-made disasters including war, torture or repression.Those who have experience torture are at particular risk for mental health problems. • The mental health of immigrants and refugees is similar to Canadians with the exception of higher rates of post-traumatic stress disorder. Most refugees experienced persecution and torture in their home countries and have been separated from family members for significant periods even before arriving in Canada.

• Those who need mental health services may be reluctant to seek help due to the stigma attached to mental illness and cultural and linguistic barriers. • Adolescents face challenges integrating past trauma and defining new identity within and between two cultures. Newcomer youth were twice as likely to suffer from depression than individualsaged thirty-five and older. Statistics on suicide are consistent in portraying the young as distressedand vulnerable. • Women and seniors may face a loss of independence and social support structures. • The federal and provincial devolution of responsibilities have left cash-strapped municipalities cutting English as a Second Language and settlement programs, further limiting community participation and economic opportunity. • Discrimination negatively impacts mental health and limits employment access. Foreign-trainedprofessionals have difficulty having their education and skills accredited resulting in underemployment.Thirty per cent of immigrant families with children are living below the poverty line. • Refugee claims take up to five years to process, leaving thousands of refugees in legal limbo causing long-term mental health concerns for refugees living with uncertainty.

FEDERAL ACTION

Citizenship and Immigration Canada (CIC) was established in 1993 to link immigration services with citizenship registration, to promote the unique ideals all Canadians share and to help build a stronger Canada. The emphasis of CIC’s settlement programs is to assist newcomers to make optimal use of the services that are available to the public in all provinces and territories. Support to immigrant-serving organizations – CIC funds hundreds of organizations that help newcomers settle into life in Canada. Many of them represent a number of different types of multicultural agencies and associations, so they can help in several ways. They may provide language training, or assist in locating jobs and housing. They may also provide support for women, children, andfamilies who are dealing with domestic violence. Many of these organizations provide services in the client’s first language, which may be helpful in the first few months. Key settlement programs include: ISAP (Immigrant Settlement and Adaptation Program) – This program is designed to help new immigrants with immediate needs by referring them to economic, social, health, cultural, educationa land recreational facilities; and by providing: • information and orientation on banking, shopping, managing a household, etc.; • interpretation or translation services when necessary; • para-professional counselling; and, • employment-related services. ETC... http://www.cmha.ca/citizens/immigrationENG.pdf

Canada’s Immigration Plan for 2009

CIC’s commitment is to admit new permanent residents in 2009 within a planning range of 240,000 and 265,000 admissions. In this way, Canada’s immigration program will continue to respond to the diverse skill requirements of an expanding and dynamic economy while maintaining the Government’s commitments to support family reunification and humanitarian objectives. The 2009 levels plan sets the upper range of economic admissions higher than in 2008 in order to reflect growth in several economic streams, such as federal skilled workers, Quebec-selected skilled workers and provincial nominees. However, the distribution of admissions across categories in the Economic Class has changed to reflect the changing mix of economic immigration, in particular, as demand for provincial nominees increases.

To meet growing regional needs, the plan aims to admit a record number of provincial nominees.

The plan also includes a number of admissions through the CEC, a new avenue for immigration for certain skilled temporary workers and international students with Canadian degrees and Canadian work experience. Along with expected growth in the Temporary Foreign Worker Program, the CEC will enhance labour market responsiveness by facilitating the retention of temporary workers and international students who have demonstrated their ability to succeed in Canada.

The implementation of ministerial instructions in the fall will enhance the ability of the immigration system to respond to immediate labour market needs. The instructions will stop the growth of the federal skilled worker (FSW) backlog by allowing CIC to return FSW applications (submitted on or after February 27, 2008) that are not selected for processing, along with fees paid. Because processing is critical for reducing the backlog, instructions will play an important part in achieving reductions in the coming years.

Refugee Pride: Queer Deportations

This years Refugee Pride will commemorate the lives and contributions that LGBTQ Refugee claimants have made to our community, The event will send a loud message Of solidarity to all those who have been denied access to Canada and bring to Light the Government’s discriminatory immigration policies. Celebrate with us the accomplishments that our LGBTQ refugee community has Had over the years. Dance, enjoy international potluck, and have a toast in Memory of all of those who have been deported.

NICARAGUA: SHADOW REPORT ON THE HUMAN RIGHS OF GAY,LESBIAN,BISEXUAL,AND TRANSGENDER PEOPLE

http://www.iglhrc.org/cgi-bin/iowa/article/publications/reportsandpublications/852.html ********************************************************************************** This shadow report was prepared by Global Rights, Grupo Safo, the International Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission (IGLHRC), the International Human Rights Clinic from the Human Rights Program at Harvard Law School, and the Nicaragua branch of the Red de Personas Trans de Latinoamerica y el Caribe. The report was submitted to the United Nations’ Human Rights Committee to contribute to their evaluation of Nicaragua’s compliance with the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). The Human Rights Committee regularly reviews submissions from every state party that has ratified the ICCPR. Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) can submit “shadow reports,” which serve as supplementary information to UN Committee members. In these reports, NGOs offer their own evaluation, based on their own reports, of the state’s compliance with the treaty. For more information about Nicaragua’s review (scheduled for October 17, 2008) and the 94th Session of the Human Rights Committee in Geneva, see: http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/hrc/hrcs94.htm

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Article 27 of the Nicaraguan Constitution states that all people are equal before the law and are subject to equal protection under the law. It denounces discrimination based on birth, nationality, political belief, race, sex, language, religion, opinion, origin, economic position, or social condition. Though this non-discrimination clause includes discrimination based on sex, it does not include discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity. LGBT individuals in Nicaragua experience violations of their human rights due to their sexual orientation and gender identity. Anyone who induces, promotes, propagandizes or practices in scandalous form sexual intercourse between persons of the same-sex commits the crime of sodomy and shall incur 1 to 3 years imprisonment. Nicaragua repealed Article 204 at the end of 2007, when the new criminal code was approved, and the repeal took effect July 2008. Though decriminalizing sodomy is an advancement for human rights in Nicaragua, individuals and communities still face widespread discrimination and human rights violations based on their sexual orientation and gender identity. The third periodic report of Nicaragua fails to mention this forms of discrimination. This report traces the numerous human rights violations LGBT individuals have suffered in the past few years even though the Nicaraguan government has the duty to protect them from these violations under the ICCPR. This shadow report was made possible through the work of numerous Nicaraguan activists and NGOs, who shared information and reports with us.

SUBSTANIVE VIOLATIONS OF THE CONVENTION

Articles 2(1) and 26 (Non-discrimination) and Article 3 (Gender Equality) The ICCPR defines non-discrimination standards by which state signatories should abide in Articles 2(1) and 26. Article 2(1) states: Each State Party to the present Covenant undertakes to respect and to ensure to all individuals within its territory and subject to its jurisdiction the rights recognized in the present Covenant, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. General Comment 31 to Article 2 holds state parties accountable for actions of private parties that encroach on ICCPR rights if the state has not provided measures to protect individuals from this encroachment. Article 26 further qualifies the nature of the state’s protection from discrimination, stating: All persons are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to the equal protection of the law. In this respect, the law shall prohibit any discrimination and guarantee to all persons equal and effective protection against discrimination on any ground such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. The Human Rights Committee explicitly recognized the ICCPR’s inclusion of sexual orientation in its 1994 decision Toonen v. Australia. In Toonen, the Committee applied Articles 2(1) and 26 to find discrimination based on sexual orientation. Individuals experience societal discrimination in Nicaragua based on their sexual orientation, gender identity and expression. A flagrant example of this occurred in a September 14, 2007 National Assembly debate. This was publicized on television, and two Deputies, Wilfredo Navarro and Freddy Torres used homophobic language. This language, coming from representatives of the Assembly, is evidence of the failure of the state to condemn prevent and fight homophobia, even in the public sphere. Also, the current First Lady also publicly stated that homosexuals should not have the right to marry because traditional marriage is between a man and a woman. The LGBT community should be protected from such public displays of homophobia. In 2006, 45 year old lesbian was forced to move out of her house and into a shelter due to her sexual orientation. In this case, the lesbian’s mother had given her the house 25 years earlier but never transferred the title to her. When the mother found out that her daughter was a lesbian, she forced her daughter to leave the house and put it on the market to sell. This is another example of the stigma placed on homosexuals in Nicaragua and the societal discrimination they suffer because of their sexual orientation. In such a social and political context, failure of the state to enact anti-discrimination legislation and to punish hate crimes may be considered a violation of articles 2 and 26 of the ICCPR.

WORKPLACE DISCRIMINATION

Individuals in Nicaragua face workplace discrimination both due to their sexual orientation, gender identity and perception that they are more likely to be HIV-infected. The 1996 Labor Code does not address discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity at the workplace. In 2001, a Javier Antonio Berrios was turned away from a job as a school photographer for graduation ceremonies after declaring his homosexuality. Berrios had a good relationship with the school before this declaration; it frequently let him enter to take photographs of students in their recreational activities. However, after learning of his sexual orientation, the school chose instead to employ a corporation that charged a higher fee than what Berrios was charging as an individual and had him escorted out of the school by security. A lesbian woman was fired in 2006 from her job after her family reported her sexual orientation to her employer. In 2007, there were allegations that a garment factory fired several workers due to their sexual orientation. There were further allegations that the management at this garment factory tolerated workplace violence against workers based on their sexual orientation. These episodes of discriminatory treatments, in absence of measures by the state to combat discrimination on grounds of sexual orientation and gender identity, suggests a violation of the ICCPR.

DISCRIMINATION due to HIV/AIDS

According to a 2008 USAID report, 26% of all people living with HIV/AIDS are men who have sex with men. Moreover, though 9% of men who have sex with men have HIV/AIDS, the current Nicaraguan prevention program does not specifically target this population and its unique needs. The existence for 16 years of criminal legislation punishing same-sex sexual behaviors as well as “propaganda” has represented a significant obstacle in ensuring HIV/AIDS prevention and access to treatment for sexual minorities. Widespread discrimination against people living with HIV/AIDS in Nicaragua exists due to social norms and a lack of education about the disease. The Law for the Promotion, Protection, and Defense of Human Rights of People Living with HIV/AIDS (Law 238) went into effect in 1999. Though Law 238 created the Nicaraguan AIDS Commission (CONASIDA) to guide the national response to AIDS, CONASIDA lacks the budget capacity to support NGOs in their prevention and treatment programs. Thus, many individuals with HIV/AIDS cannot access appropriate health care services and medicines. Health care providers and antiretroviral medicines are in inadequate supply. In fact, only 16% of people living with HIV/AIDS receive antiretroviral treatment. There is also a lack of access to diagnostic and maintenance tests to monitor those receiving treatment. Travesti sex workers with HIV/AIDS also suffer greatly due to discrimination based on their gender identity and expression. They are denied access to antiretroviral treatment as well as condoms at health centers. Furthermore, when it comes to access to health care and treatment, transgender people have been constantly considered homosexuals, without regard for their gender identity and expression. Doctors, nurses, and other medical personnel habitually taunt them and make offensive comments about their gender identity, even in cases of severe illness. Travesti people know that by going to a hospital they will inevitably expose themselves to systematic violence, disinterested medical staff and poor care. For these reasons, they often refuse medical assistance; anything is better than subjecting themselves to such intense humiliation, even though lack of medical treatment might lead to death. For all these reasons, the state must be held accountable for discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity in access to health care services.

HOUSING DISCRIMINATION

LGBT individuals are discriminated against in their applications for public housing because they do not qualify as a “family” under the Nicaraguan Public Housing Law. This law gives priority in public housing to families, defining a family as a man, woman, and their mutual offspring. The man and woman do not need to be married. In Young v. Australia and X v. Colombia the Human Rights Committee established that when a state provides benefits to an unmarried opposite-sex couple while denying them to an unmarried same-sex couple, it violates Article 26 of the ICCPR. Nicaragua’s Public Housing law thus constitutes a violation of the ICCPR.

PARTHNERSHIP RIGTHS

Nicaraguan adoption law requires either a marriage certificate or other proof of a stable union before an opposite sex couple can adopt a child. Though it is very difficult for single individuals to adopt, they nonetheless are still permitted under Nicaraguan law. However, neither single homosexual or transgender individuals nor same-sex couples are allowed to adopt children in Nicaragua. The denial of these adoptive rights suggests discrimination based on sexual orientation under article 26 of the ICCPR as defined in Young.

HATES CRIMES

In 2000, Rosa Pavon was murdered by two men and a woman for dating a married woman. One of the murderers was the woman’s husband, and the crime was explicitly motivated by Pavon’s sexual orientation. The murderers were later prosecuted and held accountable. However, the lack of hate crime legislation shows that the state fails to prevent the occurrence of killings and other hate crimes motivated by the victim’s sexual orientation or gender identity. In 2002, Denis Eduardo was stabbed to death by a man he had propositioned at a bar. Though the murderer was arrested, the police investigation did not view the incident as a hate crime. This lack of recognition of a homophobic hate crime also demonstrates the failure of law enforcement agencies to protect LGBT communities and individuals.

ARTICLE 7 ( FREEDM FROM TORTURE AND CRUEL, INHUMAN AND DEGRADING TREATMENT OF PUNISHMENT

LGBT individuals in Nicaragua experience police brutality prohibited under Article 7 of the ICCPR. Article 7 states, “No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.” Nevertheless, the police harass and arbitrarily detain individuals because of their perceived gender identity and/or sexual orientation in Nicaragua. In particular, the sex workers in the travesti community experience habitual harassment and violence by both the police and the general public. In 2006, four homosexual youths out late at night were celebrating a soccer game in a public park. Two policemen approached them and told them to leave the park. When the youths refused to cooperate, the policemen overstepped their authority by punching one in the neck and chest and kicking the other onto the ground. The youths were then thrown into a police car and taken to the police station. This excessive use of force by the police represented a violation of the youths’ Article 7 right to freedom from cruel punishment. Furthermore, the youths were detained for two hours before being released. Though they tried to file a complaint that night, they were refused. They returned to the station the next day to file a complaint, but the police failed to follow up. In 2005, a 28 year old lesbian woman was expelled from the home she shared with her mother and sister due to her sexual orientation. They denounced her to the Ministry of Family for a violation of Article 204 and broke into her room to confiscate pictures, cards, and gifts she had received as well as her daughter’s birth certificate and vaccination records to give to the Ministry. They also attempted to kidnap her daughter. The Ministry proceeded to launch an investigation into all parts of her life, questioning each of her neighbors about her behavior. It pressured her to give up her child, calling her a bad mother. It also forced her to undergo numerous psychological tests. The treatment to which the woman was subjected because of her sexual orientation contravenes the provisions of the ICCPR.

ARTICLE 9 ( RIGTH TO LIBERTY AND SECURITY OF THE PERSON )

Article 9 states, “Everyone has the right to liberty and security of person. No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest or detention.” As mentioned in reference to Article 7, the homosexual youths were detained based on their refusal to leave a public park. Thus their right to liberty was denied. The fact that the police did not follow procedure and process their complaint of mistreatment and unfair detention also contributes to a violation of their right to liberty. In 2001, two homosexual professors were incarcerated under Article 204 of the old criminal code for their sexual orientation after being seen romantically together by police. During the same year, another homosexual couple was also subject to criminal prosecution for violation of Article 204.

ALVARO UPDATE OCTOBER 7- 2009

It been a Challenge and a struggle for the last two years, while I'm in the waiting process on @ humanitarian application there is not a set time or a final date, Challenge it been facing the reallity of being proud of who I'm and what I have done to get justice in my behalf, mean while the experience have make a big change in my life now that I'm open, also because it was in the media since 2007 it helped me to become free to become who I'm, and not being scared of a system that tells you what to do and who you really are 'a liar' like what I witness at the court room via video conference, proud of being who I'm and proud of being gay, but as a child and as teen for me was not the rigth time to come out, there is always the perfect time when your mind is ready, I had many issues back in Nicaragua and other places those reasons why I had to hide my sexuality because my safety, now in Canada I being judged for not being a truly gay based in my appearance not having sex as child as teen there is nothing I have to prove or ways that I have to behave, what's matter is what you stand for and acepting your self who you are and be happy with that, The Struggle: being in a system where believes that everything has to be rigth or look in certain ways just to be part of a society thats wrong, being in a free society in a free enviromental it doesn't mean you are going to do the same as other, people live as they are confortable etc, the Struggle beging when Canada welcome with the open arms to skills workers and not people that have suffer violence, when you come to a new country and the system do not assist you as should be when you have trauma,mental issues, when you had scape violence to a system do not prepare with physiological or physiotherapist assistance, what they gave you at first is a number a number wich you will be identify, what you have being throught in your life or what have take you to get to Canada is not Canada business they will see you as a number in your file they don't even look how you look like in your picture at first, Refugee live in struglee, also when they apply for refugee and the obtacles that they have to face are many, first of all discrimination by the system, racism, gender and lenguage, while you are waiting in the humanitarian process you don't have any rigth to access medical or social assistence your life is an danger where you easly become vulnerable and easy to get sick, without a place to live dispite the winter temperatures bellow -25 and -45 and some place even more, while you are waiting for the humanitarian application that it migth not yes the 3% percent of the humanitarian application in Canada are granted, mean while besides all the needs you need for a decent life, you live with fear, injustice, unhappy, and not socially active, invible to the ignorance of the system. in my case I had since 2005 to 2008 very significative health issues as stress,anxiety,isomnia as part of the same situation, as well speaking problem when I often speak to people about my past and my currently issues, most of the time the medication never worthed and most of the time increased getting worse damaging my health, so I stoped using medication, and it been better after replacing with physical activities and community activites, in 2009 it been different I have struggle walking with pain in legs for 5 months, frequently I have bloode nasal problems part of the tensity and the stress, for the last two monts that I started loose eye vision and is getting worse for the last two weeks, as you can see this is what many refugees have to get through while stil in the waiting process, I was afraid that I could loose eye vision, the impotence of not doing nothing to make things change in the system as individual, and I'm one of the ones that first came out and very a few that speak out, there thousand of immigrant people in Canada and refugess, waiting and working in the same conditions, afraid to speak

A BRIEF HISTORY ABOUT ME

BORN NICARAGUA, GROING UP IN A VIOLENCE FAMILY
UNDER AN ALCOHOLIC AND HOMOPHOBIC FATHER, WORKING SINCE SEVEN YEARS OLD HELPING MY MOTHER AND THE REST OF THE FAMILY STRUGLES FOR MANY YEARS UNDER A BADLY TREATMENT BEATING BY MY OWN FATHER DECIDED TO LEAVE
HOME AND THE COUNTRY WITHOUT ANY HELP AT THE
AGE OF 12 BY WALKING TROUGTH MILES CROSSING
MANY COUNTRIES EXPERIENCING EXTREME DANGER
IN MY WAY SORT PERIOT OF LIBERTY, I ARRIVED TO THE U.S.A AT THE AGE OF 14 BUT AS SOON AS I APPLIED FOR REFUGEE MY CASE WAS REJECTED WITHOUT CHANCES OF BEING A SUCCESS AND HOPELLES I MAKE MY OWN WAY OUT AND DECIDED TO SCAPE LIVING 5 YEARS WITH NON STATUS, TRYING TO FIND THAT FREEDOM THAT I ALWAYS WANTED TO EXPERIENCE, AFTER FIVE YEARS WITHOUT SUCCESS I DECIDED TO APPLY POR REFUGEE IN CANADA WHERE I HAVE BEEN LIVING FOUR YEARS AND STIL DEALING WITH MY IMMIGRATION CASE UNTIL NOW, MY TWO MAIN REASONS I APPLIED FOR REFUGEE BECAUSE THE VIOLENCE OF THE PHISICAL TREAMENT I SUFERED AND MY SEXUAL TENDENCY AS GAY, SUCH THING IS A DANGER I CAN FACE ONCE I RETURNED TO MY COUNTRY OF ORIGIN A CORRUPT SYSTEM AND A SOCIETY THAT NOT TOLERATE GAY LIFE, I HAVE FELT FOR ALL THIS TIME DISCRIMINATE BY BOTH IMMIGRATION SYSTEM THE U.S.A AND THE CANADIAN FOR NOT GIVING ME PROTECTION SINCE I HAD LIVE VIOLENCE AND TORTURE, ALSO DISCRIMINATE BY THE STEREOTYPE OF BEING A EXACTLY PERFECT STRAIGTH AND AN EXACTLY GAY LOOK IN BOTH PLACES SUCH THING IS IRRELEVANT JUDGING BY THE LOOK OR MANNERS. ALL I ALWAYS WANTED IS FINDING A SAFE PLACE AND A PLACE WHERE I CAN FINALLY HAVE THE SAME RIGTHS AS ANYONE SHOULD HAVE.

AFTER MANY APPEALS SINCE 2005 to 2007 MY ONLY HOPE IS THE HUMANITARIAN APPLICATION THAT I SUBMITED IN JUNE 2007 AND UNTIL NOW THERE STIL NOT ANSWER BY IMMIGRATION CANADA

AS MANY PEOPLE ALREADY KNOW I CAME OUT OFFICIALLY THROUGTH THE MEDIA CAMPAIGN'S IN FEBRUARY 2007 THE NEWS HIT ALL OVER THE WORLD SPECIALLY NICARAGUA, WICH A FEW MONTHS AFTER THE GOVERMENT DECIDED TO ABOLISH THE ANTI-GAY LAW THAT DISCRIMINATE GAY LIFE FOR 3-4 YEARS IN JAIL, THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY ANNOUNCED TO REMOVE THE ANTIGAY LAW ON MARCH 2008 NOW THERE IS NOT A ANTIGAY LAW BUT THERE STIL NOT A ESTABLISH SYSTEM THAT CAN PROVIDE SAFETY FOR GAY PEOPLE OR ANY MEMBER OF THE LGTBQ IN NICARAGUA.

NICARAGUA IS PRETY MUCH A SECULAR STATE THAT
IS MAINLY DOMINATE BY THE CATHOLIC CHURCH AT THE SAME TIME MANY LAWS IN THE CONSTITUTION OF NICARAGUA ARE IMPLEMENTED BY THE BELIEVES OF THE RELIGION, WE KNOW THAT THE FIRST SOCIETY THAT DISCRIMINATE AND INDUCE TO HATE GAY PEOPLE IS RELIGION, SINCE THE ERA OF MEDIEVAL TIMES AND EVER THE CHURCH HAS BEEN THE JUDGE OF OUR LIVES, SO THERE STIL NOT A SAFE STATE TO LIVE UNDER A DEPRESSION IN NICARAGUA

GAY AND EVEN WORSE LESBIANS IN STIL IN STRUGGLE FINDING SAFETY AND SAME RIGTHS, THE LGTBQ CONTINUE MARGINALIZED IN ALL THE SENSES

MAN NICARAGUAN WINS DEPORTATION DELAY ( last updated: monday, february 12, 2007 | 6:13 pm et, cbc

Days before a gay Nicaraguan man was set to be deported from Canada, he has been granted a two-month reprieve. His bid for asylum was rejected on the basis that he couldn't prove his sexual orientation. Alvaro Orozco, 21, was scheduled to be deported Tuesday, but the FEDERAL JUSTICE DEPARTMENT agreed Friday to defer his removal by two months. His lawyer, El-Farouk Khaki, plans to spend the time building Orozco's case for an application to stay on humanitarian and compassionate grounds. He also plans to continue pressuring Immigration Minister Diane Finley to use her ministerial powers to stop the deportation. Orozco, who now lives in Toronto, fled Nicaragua at the age of 12 for fear he would be targeted for his homosexuality in a country where sodomy is illegal. An Immigration and Refugee Board adjudicator denied Orozco asylum because she didn't believe he was gay and that there was only a small chance he would be persecuted in his home country for his sexual orientation.

GEEN ASIEL VOOR NICARAGUA AN IN CANADA OMD AT HIT GEEN HOMO IS

DEMORGEN.BE/ BELGIUM

Een jonge Nicaraguaan due zijn land negen jaa geleden is ontvlucht omdat hij naar eigen zeggen mishadeld werd wegens zijn seksuele geaardheid ziet zijn asielaanvraag in Canada geweigerd omdat hijj de autoriteiten niet kan bewijzen dat hij homofiel is. Dat meldt het dagblad The Globe and Mail woensdag.

De 21- jarige Alvaro antonio Orozco wordt volgende week op een vlietuig richting Nicaragua gezet. hit zegt dat hij 12-jarige
leeftijd zijn thuisland ontvluchtte omdat hij door zijn familie geslagen en beschimpt was wegens zijn seksuele geaardheid.
In Nicaragua is sodomie verboden.

De advocaat van Orozco heeft de minister van immigratie, Diane Finley, opgeroepen de man toch onderdak te bieden uit humanitaire overwegingen.

Volgens The Globe and Mail had de jongeman een lange odyssee achter de rug toen hij uiteindelijk in Canada strandde.
Net voor zijn dertiende verjaardag vluchtte hij uit Nicaragua
en liftte naar Mexico. Hit stak de rio Grande al zwemmend over en belandde in de Verenigde staten, waar hij opgepakt werd en een jaar in de cel belandde. Net toen hij naar zijn thuisland teruggestuurd zou worden, ontsnapte hij en kwam
hij in Canada terecht, waar zijn asielaanvraag om de bekende redenen geweigerd werd. (belga/dm)

www.cyberpresse.ca

ACTUALITES
le mercredi 07 fevrier 2007

PAS DE PREUVE QU'IL EST GAY, SON STATUS DE REFUGIE REFUSE

Agence France-Presse
Ottawa

Un jeune Nicaraguayen qui a fui son pays se voit refuser le
statut de refugie au Canada car les autorites ne croint pas qu'il soit homosexuel comme il l'a affirme, repporte mecredi le quotidien The Globe and Mail.

Alvaro Antonio Orozco, aujourd' hui age de 21 ans, doit etre renvoye' la semaine prochaine au Nicaragua qui'il avait quitte'
a' l'age de 12 ans, et ou' la sodomie est illegale.

Le jeune homme affirme qu'il e'tait battu par sa famille qui se moquait de son orientation sexualle.

Mais les services de l' immigration ont refuse sa demande d'asile estimant ce pretexte pour e invente il n>.

Son avocat, Me El-farouk Khaki, a fait appel a' la ministre de
l' Immigration, Diane Finley, lui demandant d' accorder au jeaune homme un permis de sejour pour raisons humanitaires.

Toujours selon le journal, le jeune homme a connu une jeunesse et une odyssee difficiles avant d' arriver au Canada.

Il avait fui le Nicaragua et son pere alcoolique peu avant son 13e anniversaire, traversant l' Amerique centrale et le Mexique en auto-stop, avant de franchir a' la nage le Rio Grande, ou il avait failli se noyer.

Arrete' aux Etats-Unis, il avait passe' un an dans un centre de detention a' houston au Texas. Libere pour etre renvoye au Nicaragua, il s'etait a' nouveau enfui vivant dans la clandestinite' aux Etats-Unis avant de gagner le Canada.

Refugee claimant 'not gay enough'

$Refugee claimant \$
The city's gay community and the Toronto Youth Cabinet are rising to the defence of a gay runaway from Nicaragua who faces deportation next Tuesday after losing his asylum claim because "he did not have any same-sex relationships." Alvaro Antonio Orozco based his refugee claim on fears of homophobia and domestic abuse. He said he left Managua in 1998 at age 12 because he was regularly beaten with sticks and whips by an alcoholic father who threatened to "kill any child of his that was homosexual." After a year hitchhiking through Central America, living off the kindness of strangers, Orozco, now 21, arrived in Texas. He was detained in a group home but left it for Toronto in January 2005, after learning Canada respects gay rights. "Gay people in Latin America have to act straight to hide their (sexual) identity because people there are Catholic and are very conservative. I was afraid," the stocky construction worker said softly. "The (refugee) judge just didn't think I was gay enough and I didn't qualify to be gay." Adjudicator Deborah Lamont, who conducted the Oct. 6, 2005, hearing from Calgary via videoconference, took issue with his lack of same-sex relationships during his six years in the U.S. "I determined on a balance of probabilities the claimant did not pursue same-sex relationships in whatever capacity ... because he is not a homosexual," she wrote in her decision. Lawyer El-Farouk Khaki said his client had to hide his orientation from the conservative church people who helped him. "Did (Lamont) expect all gay teens to be sexually active at 14, 15, 16 years old? That's horrid," said Khaki, who will file a motion in federal court tomorrow to stay the removal. "In my view, the refugee board has failed to recognize that my client is a victim of violence, a victim of abuse. He's simply vulnerable, whether he's gay or straight." Suhail Abualsameed of Supporting Our Youth, a gay-immigrant support group, said the case highlights the shortcomings of videoconferencing. "That someone's gay or not is not going to come across through a TV screen, unless he's visibly queer. But it's the refugee adjudicator's conviction and belief that Alvaro is not gay enough," said Abualsameed.

Refugee 'not gay enough' for Canada

$Refugee \$
So there was a guy who was afraid of going back to his native Nicaragua and asked to be declared a refugee, because if he was forced to return, he would face persecution. And the Canadian Immigration and Refugee Board routinely has offered protection to gays and lesbians. But when it came to Alvaro Antonio Orozco, a 21 year old now living in Toronto, he simply wasn't gay enough. (According to the IRB, a "Convention refugee is a person who is outside of their country of nationality or habitual residence and who is unable or unwilling to return to that country because of a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, political opinion, nationality or membership in a particular social group." There is no specific protection for homosexuals but they are included as being part of a 'particular social group.' " The city's gay community and the Toronto Youth Cabinet are rising to the defence of a gay runaway from Nicaragua who faces deportation next Tuesday after losing his asylum claim because "he did not have any same-sex relationships." Alvaro Antonio Orozco based his refugee claim on fears of homophobia and domestic abuse. He said he left Managua in 1998 at age 12 because he was regularly beaten with sticks and whips by an alcoholic father who threatened to "kill any child of his that was homosexual." After a year hitchhiking through Central America, living off the kindness of strangers, Orozco, now 21, arrived in Texas. He was detained in a group home but left it for Toronto in January 2005, after learning Canada respects gay rights. "Gay people in Latin America have to act straight to hide their (sexual) identity because people there are Catholic and are very conservative. I was afraid," the stocky construction worker said softly. "The (refugee) judge just didn't think I was gay enough and I didn't qualify to be gay." Adjudicator Deborah Lamont, who conducted the Oct. 6, 2005, hearing from Calgary via videoconference, took issue with his lack of same-sex relationships during his six years in the U.S

"Not gay enough" refugee loses his appeal (PINK NEWS U.K) By Staff Writer August 10, 2007 - 16:17

A refugee from Nicaragua who was denied asylum in Canada because he could not prove he is gay has been deemed safe to return for a second time by immigration officials. As Alvaro Antonio Orozco was not sexually active as a teenager, it was impossible to verify his sexuality. He has gone into hiding, and his only hope of remaining in Canada is an intervention from the Immigration Minister. "I feel very concerned about my safety in Canada because now I do not have legal status in this country," Mr Orozco said, according to the Toronto Star. "If they send me back to Nicaragua, I can face persecution by the government and the Catholic community who judge gay life as sodomy." During his initial immigration hearing in February Mr Orozco's lawyer accused the Immigration and Refugee Board of stereotyping gay teenagers as more sexually active than their heterosexual counterparts. The case has raised questions about how a refugee can "prove" their sexual orientation. "I think the decision shows a lack of understanding of issues facing queer kids from homophobic cultures and what they have to deal with in terms of gender stereotypes," laywer El-Farouk Khaki told the Globe and Mail newspaper at the time of the tribunal ruling. Mr Orozco, now 21, fled Nicaragua when he was 12 years old, hitchhiked to the Mexican/American border, nearly drowned swimming across the Rio Grande, spent a year in a detention centre and took refuge with a Seventh Day Adventist group. He came to Canada two years ago because he thought the country was more accepting of gay refugees. Nicaragua criminalized gay relationships in 1992, and gay people fear for their lives in the violently macho culture. In February Mr Orozco told the immigration tribunal that his father had beaten him for being gay from an early age, which prompted him to run away. But IRB member Deborah Lamont was unconvinced by the Nicaraguan. "I found the claimant's many explanations unsatisfactory for why he chose not to pursue same-sex relationships in the U.S. as he alleged it was his intention to do so and he wanted to do so," she ruled, according to the Globe and Mail. "He is not a homosexual . . . and fabricated the sexual orientation component to support a non-existent claim for protection in Canada." Mr Orozco was given permission to appeal, but a second assessment has agreed that he should be returned to Nicaragua. Canadian MP Olivia Chow has taken up his case and argues that the publicity Mr Orozco has received in Nicaragua means it is not safe for him to return.

CANADA NIEGA ASILO A UN NICA

OTTAWA. - Las autoridades de Canadá negaron asilo a un adolescente nicaragüense porque no creyeron en su condición de homosexual, informó el miércoles la prensa local. Alvaro Antonio Orozco, actualmente de 21 años, será deportado la semana próxima a un país donde la sodomía es ilegal, para enfrentar a una familia que presuntamente lo golpeó y hostigó por su orientación sexual, indicó el diario Globe and Mail. "Mi padre me decía 'marica', y me dijo que me lo quitaría a golpes", declaró Orozco al diario. "Pero es imposible probar que eres gay", añadió. Descrito por el diario como una persona de rasgos delicados y tono meloso vestida con una camisa a cuadros rosada, Orozco dijo que se sentía y comportaba de manera diferente desde una edad temprana, le atraían las actividades artísticas, solía jugar dentro de su casa cuando era niño y actualmente quiere ser enfermero. También acude a clubes nocturnos gay en Toronto los fines de semana, aseguró. Pero la oficina de migración canadiense (Immigration and Refugee Board) rechazó su demanda alegando que no había brindado pruebas de que había estado sexualmente activo en su adolescencia y que no tenía clara su orientación sexual cuando huyó de Nicaragua, a los 12 años. SU VIAJE "No es homosexual (...) y fabricó el tema de la orientación sexual para respaldar un pedido de protección en Canadá", indicó la oficina en su dictamen. Su abogado, El-Faruk Khaki, estimó sin embargo que "la decisión muestra una falta de comprensión de los temas que enfrentan los niños en culturas homofóbicas". Orozco apelará a la ministra de Inmigración canadiense, Diane Finley, para que le permita quedarse en Canadá por motivos humanitarios, dijo Khaki. Si ésta le niega el permiso, Orozco será deportado el próximo martes. Según el periódico, el joven huyó de Nicaragua y de su padre alcohólico poco antes de cumplir 13 años, atravesando Centroamérica y México en autoestop, antes de franquear a nado el Rio Grande, donde casi se ahoga. Detenido en Estados Unidos, pasó un año en un centro de detención en Houston (Texas, sur). Liberado para que regresara a Nicaragua, huyó nuevamente y vivió como clandestino en Estados Unidos antes de llegar a Canadá.

Diario canadiense recoge odisea de joven gay nica Huyó de 13 años de la homofobia y el maltrato ect

* Preso un año en EU y pasó a Canadá para evitar deportación * Sin embargo, pueden regresarlo porque no creen que sea homosexual Alvaro Orozco, de 21 años, llegó a Canadá en 2005 buscando asilo y protección. Él es homosexual, y huyó de Nicaragua cuando tenía 13 años por temor al rechazo por su preferencia sexual, y porque su padre amenazó con matarlo por ser gay. En Canadá, las autoridades de Inmigración le negaron el asilo al no creer la historia del joven. La historia la recoge el diario canadiense Globe and Mail en su edición de este miércoles. El diario relata que Orozco se escapó de su casa cuando tenía 13 años, huyendo de las amenazas de su padre alcohólico. CAPTURADO EN EU. De aventón en aventón se trasladó por toda Centroamérica hasta llegar a la frontera entre México y EU. Junto con un joven hondureño cruzó a nado el río Grande, donde casi se ahogó cuando sus piernas quedaron enredadas en unas algas. Su compañero lo salvó, pero fue capturado por funcionarios de inmigración estadounidenses. Orozco permaneció un año en un correccional para menores de Houston. Cuando cumplió 14 años fue liberado, después de asegurar que regresaría a Nicaragua. Sin embargo, el joven escapó y se refugió en una iglesia de los Adventistas del Séptimo Día, ocultando su orientación sexual por temor a que los religiosos lo rechazaran por ello. En 2005 el joven decidió tomar un bus hasta la ciudad de Búfalo, en el estado de Nueva York, después de haber leído en Internet que en Canadá la justicia protegía los derechos de los homosexuales y había programas de asilo más abiertos que en EU. Una organización de Búfalo le ayudó a hacer su solicitud de refugio. PUEDEN REGRESARLO Sin embargo, el Consejo de Inmigración de Canadá le ha negado el asilo por no creer que el joven sea homosexual El próximo martes Orozco podría regresar a Nicaragua, donde las leyes condenan la sodomía, y donde lo espera una familia que según él, lo golpeaba y se burlaba por su orientación sexual cuando era adolescente. “Mi padre me llamaba ‘marica’, y me dijo que me golpearía (por su orientación sexual)”, dijo Orozco al Globe and Mail. “Pero es imposible demostrar que uno es gay”, agregó. Orozco relató al diario que desde una edad muy temprana se sentía y comportaba diferente. Cuando niño, Orozco jugaba a ser artista, y hoy quiere convertirse en enfermero. Deborah Lamont, miembro del Consejo de Inmigración de Canadá, dijo que no creía que Orozco sea homosexual, explicando que el joven no era sexualmente activo cuando era adolescente y no estaba claro de su orientación sexual cuando vivía en Nicaragua. Lamont calificó de “insatisfactorias” las explicaciones de Orozco, y dijo que “él no es homosexual y fabricó su orientación sexual para apoyar un reclamo inexistente para ser protegido en Canadá.” El-Farouk Khaki, abogado de Orozco, dijo que este caso muestra la dificultad de los demandantes que piden refugio por su orientación sexual, y que llegan de países con una cultura machista y homofóbica, a un estilo de vida más liberal. Además, muestra los prejuicios que la sociedad tiene sobre el tema, al pensarse que un adolescente gay es sexualmente más activo que uno heterosexual. La última esperanza de Orozco es solicitar un permiso por razones humanitarias a la ministra de Inmigración de Canadá, Diane Finlay, lo que le permitiría quedarse en ese país. El abogado de Orozco tampoco descarta volver a abrir el proceso para la solicitud de asilo, explicando que ha habido una violación de la justicia en el caso, al no tratar a Orozco como una persona vulnerable. LA PENALIDAD EN NICARAGUA Según el abogado, que ha representado con éxito a otros nicaragüenses homosexuales que han pedido asilo en Canadá, Orozco es vulnerable por ser joven, inculto, estar solo en un país desconocido y ser víctima de abuso doméstico. Una de las razones expuestas por el abogado, es que en Nicaragua la homosexualidad es penada por la ley. El joven recibe ayuda de la organización canadiense “Supporting Our Youth” (Ayudando a Nuestra Juventud) de Toronto, que ofrece apoyo a los jóvenes homosexuales recién llegados a Canadá y que piden asilo en ese país Suhail Abualsameed, director del organismo, dijo que los jóvenes gay que demandan refugio en Canadá, a menudo tienen problemas al tratar de convencer a las autoridades de inmigración sobre la seriedad de su orientación, principalmente si no cuentan con pruebas suficientes.

300 mil gays en Nicaragua (Y sobre todos penden leyes represivas)

* Caso de joven homosexual cuestionado en Canadá, es apenas uno de entre los muchos jóvenes que esconden sus preferencias, * Dos chavalos huyeron hacia Holanda, donde hay bastante tolerancia; pidieron asilo y hasta se casaron María Haydée Brenes | mhaydee@elnuevodiario.com.ni Álvaro Orozco, el joven nicaragüense a quien le fue negado el asilo de protección amparado en su homosexualidad en Canadá, es uno de los cientos de jóvenes que no declaran abiertamente su opción sexual en Nicaragua para evitar la afrenta familiar, el estigma social y las limitaciones a otros aspectos de su desarrollo humano. Así lo expresó Norman Gutiérrez, director del Centro de Prevención del Sida (Cepresi), organización miembro de la Coalición de Organizaciones Gays de Centroamérica (Conga). “Muchas personas cada año abandonan Nicaragua con la esperanza de buscar una vida mejor, no sólo en el aspecto económico, sino también en cuanto a que se les reconozcan sus derechos humanos elementales, como la igualdad”, declaró Gutiérrez. “Hemos atendido casos de asilos de este tipo en Estados Unidos”, continuó señalando Gutiérrez, “en los cuales hemos otorgado pruebas documentales, aportando información sobre la situación de derechos y posibilidades de desarrollo de las personas homosexuales, lesbianas y transexuales del país”. Y es que en Nicaragua, el artículo 204 del Código Penal estipula que «comete delito de sodomía el que induzca, promueva, propagandice o practique en forma escandalosa el concúbito entre personas del mismo sexo», e incluye a la vez una disposición que convierte en delito mantener relaciones homosexuales en privado cuando una de las partes tenga responsabilidad sobre la otra. “Creo que muchas personas salen del país con la idea de buscar una vida mejor y asilo, y algunos hacen énfasis en el artículo 204. Y no sólo ha ocurrido en Canadá, sino también en Holanda, en ese país conocemos el caso de dos compañeros que solicitaron asilo, e incluso como las leyes allá lo permiten, contrajeron matrimonio”, dijo Gutiérrez., Cinco por ciento Gutiérrez, durante la entrevista citó un estudio internacional que destaca que “al menos el cinco por ciento de la población total de un país, tiene y practica relaciones con personas de su mismo sexo”. “Si se condena la actitud de este joven a su regreso y se le impone la cárcel por reconocer su homosexualidad, se tendría que meter a prisión al cinco por ciento de la población del país, alrededor de 300 mil personas. Contrario a esto considero que es momento de comenzar a educarnos en cuanto a la sexualidad vista de forma científica, como una parte integral de la vida de todos y todas y no desde la óptica fundamentalista, cultural-religiosa que ha sido la tónica hasta la fecha”, declaró Gutiérrez. LAS PRUEBAS En cuanto a las pruebas que solicitó el gobierno canadiense a Orozco, el presidente de Cepresi manifestó que esta solicitud es una flagrante violación a la intimidad del joven El solicitarle pruebas a este joven está fuera de lugar, porque no hay una garantía para probar su identidad; tenemos casos de hombres y mujeres en Nicaragua y en todo el mundo, que no muestran ningún indicio de homosexualidad o lesbianismo, y lo son, mientras hay jóvenes que parecen y no lo son, no hay forma de probar la homosexualidad o heterosexualidad sin exponer y violentar tu intimidad”, argumento Gutiérrez. UN REFERENTE Por su parte, Mario Chamorro, director del Centro Dos Generaciones, comentó que algo interesante de este caso es que ocurrió en Canadá, que es un país modelo en cuanto al respeto de la diversidad. “Este caso es un referente, porque como él, hay en el país muchos jóvenes temerosos de declarar su sexualidad en su propio país, de forma que emigran porque el Estado, al igual que las familias, cuando descubren la homosexualidad en alguno de sus miembros discrimina o invisibiliza el asunto, porque los Estados no trabajan en cuanto al tema de la diversidad no sólo sexual sino religiosa, económica y cultural”, expresó. “El tema de la sexualidad es tabú, y si le agregamos al tema la homosexualidad, es más complicado tratarlo”, dijo Chamorro, por la doble moral de los nicaragüenses, sin embargo no podemos vivir plenamente si no vivimos nuestra sexualidad, que es como tener una buena alimentación para desarrollarnos “Hay que entender las razones de este joven para pedir asilo. Primero, que proviene de una familia con un padre que lo violentaba y con seguridad violentaba a toda la familia, un hombre machista que se afrenta de la homosexualidad de su hijo, a la vez, proviene de un país intolerante con los homosexuales, lo mejor que pudo hacer es emigrar a un país tolerante, éste es un caso especial”, señaló Chamorro. Si Orozco no consigue un permiso por razones humanitarias de parte de la ministra de Inmigración Diana Finlay, que le permita quedarse en Canadá, regresará a Nicaragua el martes de la próxima semana, y el panorama que le espera no es alentador. “A su regreso este joven se deberá enfrentar, después de haber pasado ocho años en países que respetan la diversidad, los mismos problemas que enfrentan los jóvenes que dan a conocer su opción sexual: una familia que se afrenta de él, el estigma, el que lo señalen, y la discriminación que tiene que ver con las oportunidades, y, afectivamente, la soledad; aunque los homosexuales se ofrecen mucha solidaridad, entre ellos se dan mucha fortaleza porque viven las mismas experiencias, pero la soledad es uno de los grandes riesgos que tiene”, concluyó Chamorro. El artículo 204 señala que comete delito de sodomía el que induzca, promueva, propagandice o practique en forma escandalosa el concúbito entre personas del mismo sexo y la pena es de uno a tres años de prisión. Cuando uno de los que lo practican, aun en privado, tuviere sobre el otro poder disciplinario o de mando, como ascendente, guardador, maestro, jefe, guardián o en cualquier otro concepto que implique influencia de autoridad o de dirección moral, se le aplicará la pena de la seducción ilegítima, como único responsable. Este artículo 204 provocó que en 1992 se introdujera un recurso por inconstitucionalidad ante la Corte Suprema de Justicia, sin embargo, en el fallo emitido en 1994 la CSJ declaró un “no ha lugar” al recurso, incrementando el temor de que el artículo 204 pueda legitimar el procesamiento de personas únicamente por su homosexualidad o por manifestar libremente determinadas creencias. Cabe destacar que Amnistía Internacional señala respecto a este tema, que Nicaragua se adhirió en 1980 al Pacto Internacional de Derechos Civiles y Políticos (PIDCP), el cual protege los derechos a la libertad de expresión (artículo 19), a la libertad de no ser objeto de injerencias arbitrarias o ilegales en la vida privada (artículo 17) y a la libertad de conciencia (artículo 18). Asimismo, el Pacto afirma la igualdad de todas las personas ante la ley y el derecho, a no ser objeto de discriminación (artículos 2 y 26).

Canada’s Refugee Rule Change: Responsible or Reckless?

Canada’s immigration and refugee system is broken. The Immigration and Refugee Act is innately flawed and has created a dangerously dysfunctional immigration system in Canada. Canada has one of the most popular and easily-abused refugee operations in the world, with a growing backlog of false claims that only delays those who deserve honest consideration. The law is full of loopholes and lenient rules that encourage fraud, pose security threats to Canada and facilitate illegal immigration. Thousands of permanent residents and Canadians have been victims of immigration fraud as a result.

CANADA`S NEW IMMIGRATIN POLICY (click to view full article)

Canadian immigration is the set of rules, regulations, directives, policies and the Act of Parliament that regulates the entry of each person in to Canada. Immigration, the entrance of people into a country for the purpose of settling there, has always played a central role in Canadian history. It was as much a feature of ancient times, when the ancestors of Canada's native peoples migrated from Asia by land via Beringia or by sea via the Japanese current, as it is of the present day, when immigrants from around the world come to this country in the thousands. Over the period of time, the complexity of Canadian immigration has attracted Canadian immigration lawyers to develop practice in the area of Canadian immigration law. Primarily, Canadian immigration lawyers assisted families in Canada to sponsor their family members abroad, assisted Canadian businessmen to recruit foreign workers and also represented those people who were subject to deportation order from Canada. The Canadian immigration department has developed very systematic immigration criteria to recruit economic class immigrants, which includes skilled worker, and business class immigrants in to Canada. The present Canadian Immigration and Citizenship department, also known as CIC Canada, is the most important department of the Canadian government. In order to apply for Canadian immigration, the applicant is required to make the application using the prescribed immigration application forms. The Canadian Citizenship and Immigration Canada also maintains statistics of the number of immigrants entering Canada, number of applications approved, the kind of people entering Canada and such other data.

WOMENS RIGTHS IN NICARAGUA

I'ts hard to imagine how womens are been threated in Nicaragua and how their rigths have not longer make any
sense at the Nicaragua goverment agenda, just imagine being gay or lesbian on the streets how can you feel safe?, as a fundamental value in our world as humans womens have the most important rule and a significative meaning for life, if womens not have that importance for a constitution for any country in this case Nicaragua is violating human standars, gay and lesbian people are invisible to society in Nicaragua this is just an example that give us a view that how in fact being gay is total a danger not having a constitution that provide a special protection for any member of the LGTBQ